Description
Nonsyndromic congenital nail disorder 10 is a condition that affects the fingernails and toenails. Affected individuals have extremely thick nails (onychauxis) that separate from the underlying nail bed (onycholysis) and can appear claw-like. Some fingers and toes may be missing part of the nail (hyponychia).
In affected individuals, the nails are often abnormal from birth. However, the abnormalities may not be noticeable until later in childhood because the nails tend to grow more slowly than normal.
Individuals with nonsyndromic congenital nail disorder 10 do not have any other health problems related to the condition.
Frequency
Nonsyndromic congenital nail disorder 10 is likely a rare disorder. At least 14 affected individuals have been described in the scientific literature.
Causes
Nonsyndromic congenital nail disorder 10 is caused by mutations in the FZD6 gene, which provides instructions for making a protein called frizzled-6. This protein is embedded in the outer membrane of many types of cells, where it is involved in transmitting chemical signals from outside the cell to the cell's nucleus. The frizzled-6 protein plays an especially critical role in the growth and development of nails, particularly the attachment of the nail to the nail bed.
FZD6 gene mutations that cause nonsyndromic congenital nail disorder 10 lead to the production of a frizzled-6 protein that cannot get to the cell membrane where it is needed or that cannot transmit signals into the cell. As a result, the growth and development of nails is poorly regulated, which leads to onycholysis and other abnormalities of the fingernails and toenails.
Inheritance
This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition.
Other Names for This Condition
- Claw-shaped nails
- Nail disorder, nonsyndromic congenital, 10
- NDNC10
- Onychauxis, hyponychia, and onycholysis
Additional Information & Resources
Genetic Testing Information
Patient Support and Advocacy Resources
Catalog of Genes and Diseases from OMIM
Scientific Articles on PubMed
References
- Frojmark AS, Schuster J, Sobol M, Entesarian M, Kilander MBC, Gabrikova D, Nawaz S, Baig SM, Schulte G, Klar J, Dahl N. Mutations in Frizzled 6 cause isolated autosomal-recessive nail dysplasia. Am J Hum Genet. 2011 Jun 10;88(6):852-860. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.05.013. Citation on PubMed or Free article on PubMed Central
- Naz G, Pasternack SM, Perrin C, Mattheisen M, Refke M, Khan S, Gul A, Simons M, Ahmad W, Betz RC. FZD6 encoding the Wnt receptor frizzled 6 is mutated in autosomal-recessive nail dysplasia. Br J Dermatol. 2012 May;166(5):1088-94. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10800.x. Epub 2012 Apr 4. Citation on PubMed
- Raza SI, Muhammad N, Khan S, Ahmad W. A novel missense mutation in the gene FZD6 underlies autosomal recessive nail dysplasia. Br J Dermatol. 2013 Feb;168(2):422-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11203.x. Epub 2012 Oct 5. Citation on PubMed
The information on this site should not be used as a substitute for professional medical care or advice. Contact a health care provider if you have questions about your health.